Scientists at the University of Washington, in the United States, have identified a new way to predict a woman’s risk of developing breast cancer in the future. They suggest that physicians assess the speed with which the density of patients’ breasts changes over the years.
Medicine already considers that the greater density of breast tissue is related to an increased risk of developing the disease. The new study, published last Thursday (4/27), in the journal JAMA Oncologynow shows evidence that a slower rate of density decline in one breast usually precedes the diagnosis of cancer.
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Mammography exams provide information about the density of the breasts, but the data is not part of the assessment protocol on the risk of developing tumors.
“If the novelty is implemented, a woman’s risk of developing breast cancer can be updated every time she has a new mammogram,” says lead author of the study, Shu Jiang, associate professor of Public Health Sciences at the University of North Carolina. American, in an interview with the newspaper The New York Times.
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Skin cancer is the most incident type of cancer in the country, according to the National Cancer Institute (Inca). The disease can appear anywhere on the body and, when identified early, has a good chance of being cured.
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Exaggerated and unprotected sun exposure throughout life, in addition to episodes of sunburn, is the main risk factor for skin cancer. According to Inca, there are several types of the disease, which are generally classified as melanoma and non-melanoma
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Non-melanoma cases are more frequent and have high cure rates. In addition, this is the most common type in people over 40 and with fair skin.
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Melanoma, in turn, has fewer registered cases and is more serious, due to the possibility of spreading to other parts of the body. That’s why it’s important to make periodic visits to the dermatologist and ask about suspicious signs.
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Despite being a health problem that can affect anyone, there are profiles that are more prone to developing skin cancer, such as: having light skin, hair and eyes, family history of the disease, having multiple moles on the body, being an immunosuppressed and/or transplanted patient
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According to experts, it is important to investigate whenever a mole or mole has asymmetry, a rough or irregular edge, two or more colors, has a diameter greater than six millimeters, or changes in size over time. All of these signs can indicate the presence of a melanoma.
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The first signs of non-melanone tend to look like a discolored lump, spot or sore that does not heal and continues to grow. In addition, it may still look smooth and shiny and/or look like a wart.
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The mole can cause itching, scabs, erosions, or bleeding over weeks or even years. In most cases, this cancer is red and firm and can develop into an ulcer. Marks look like scars and tend to be flat and scaly
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Skin cancer usually appears in parts of the body where there is greater exposure to the sun, and is very much associated with inadequate protection with sunscreens.
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According to the National Cancer Institute, non-melanone tends to be completely cured when detected early. It rarely spreads to other parts of the body, but if not identified in time, it can spread to deeper layers of the skin, making it difficult to treat.
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The diagnosis of skin cancer is made by the dermatologist through clinical examination. In certain situations, it may be necessary to carry out the exam known as “Dermoscopy”, which consists of using a device that allows you to visualize layers of the skin not seen with the naked eye. In more specific situations it is necessary to perform a biopsy
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According to the Ministry of Health, “oncological surgery is the most suitable treatment to treat skin cancer for the removal of the lesion, which, in the early stages, can be performed without hospitalization”
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Still according to the folder, “in the most advanced cases, however, the treatment will vary according to the condition in which the tumor is found, and radiotherapy and chemotherapy may be indicated, in addition to surgery”
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Among the recommendations for the prevention of skin cancer are: avoiding exposure to the sun, using sunglasses with UV protection, as well as umbrellas, umbrellas, wide-brimmed hats and clothes that protect the body. In addition, of course, to the daily use of sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or more.
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Study
The study led by Shu followed approximately 10,000 women over ten years. None of them had been diagnosed with cancer at the beginning of the research. For a decade, scientists analyzed changes in the density of the participants’ breasts.
At the end of the survey, 289 women had been diagnosed with breast cancer. They had breast density compared with 658 other patients with similar profiles but who did not develop the disease.
The researchers noted that all study participants experienced a decrease in breast density over the years, but those who developed cancer had a slower decline. Another important factor was that, when analyzing the breast density of the same participant separately, a significantly slower decrease was observed in the breast that developed tumors in the future.
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