Journalist Glória Maria, a big name on Brazilian TV, died this Thursday (2/2), aged 73, as a result of metastatic lung cancer.
Glória received the diagnosis of the disease in 2019. Although treatment with immunotherapy was successful, she suffered metastasis in her brain and had to undergo surgery to remove the tumor. However, even following the treatment, the cancer advanced.
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Lung cancer may have kept Glória Maria away from TV. understand disease
According to the National Cancer Institute (Inca), about 30,000 people were diagnosed with lung cancer in Brazil between 2020 and 2022.
The disease is mainly due to smoking. About 90% of all cases occur in smokers, and the condition is rare in people under 40.
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Lung cancer is the second most common in men and women in Brazil. According to the National Cancer Institute (Inca), about 13% of all new cases are in the organs
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At the end of the 20th century, lung cancer became one of the leading preventable causes of death in the world.
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Smoking is the main cause. About 85% of diagnosed cases are associated with the consumption of tobacco derivatives
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Mortality among smokers is about 15 times higher than among people who have never smoked, while among former smokers it is about four times higher.
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Exposure to air pollution, recurrent lung infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (pulmonary emphysema and chronic bronchitis), genetic factors and a family history of lung cancer also favor the development of this type of cancer.
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Other risk factors are: occupational exposure to chemical or physical agents, drinking water containing arsenic, high doses of beta-carotene supplements in smokers and ex-smokers
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Symptoms usually don’t occur until the cancer is advanced. However, people in the early stages of the disease may already have a persistent cough, bloody sputum, chest pain, recurrent pneumonia, extreme tiredness, persistent hoarseness, worsening shortness of breath, decreased appetite and difficulty swallowing.
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The diagnosis of lung cancer is made with the evaluation of the signs and symptoms presented, the family health history and the result of specific tests, such as chest X-ray, computed tomography and lung tissue biopsy.
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For those with disease located in the lung and lymph nodes, treatment is with radiotherapy and chemotherapy at the same time.
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In patients with distant metastases, treatment is with chemotherapy or, in selected cases, with medication based on targeted therapy.
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Surgery, when possible, consists of removing the tumor with a safety margin, in addition to removing the lymph nodes close to the lung and located in the mediastinum. It is the treatment of choice for providing better results and control of the disease.
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There are also other factors that increase the risk of developing lung cancer, such as inhaling cigarette smoke from someone else (passive smokers) frequently; being exposed to hazardous gases such as arsenic, asbestos (asbestos), nickel and others; living in highly polluted regions and genetic predisposition.
In addition, treatments for other types of tumor (such as lymphoma, cancer in the breast or testicles treated with radiation therapy) increase the risk of developing lung cancer.
The disease is most often identified in the more advanced stages, as the initial signs are very generic. At this stage, symptoms include:
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- Difficulty breathing;
- Shortness of breathe;
- Dry and persistent cough;
- Chest and back pain;
- Decreased appetite;
- Weight loss;
- Hoarseness;
- Blood in the phlegm;
- Extreme fatigue.
Treatment for lung cancer
The treatment of the disease will depend on the clinical status of the patient, which is analyzed through imaging tests to verify the size of the tumor and possible involvement of other structures in the body, especially the liver and lymph nodes (lymph nodes). This information will define the most appropriate form of treatment, as well as the prognosis.
The doctor may recommend surgery to remove part or all of the lung to prevent cancer cells from spreading. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy may also be indicated before or after surgery. The purpose of these procedures is to shrink the tumor and ensure the elimination of all cancer cells.
Another option, as in the case of Glória Maria, is immunotherapy. The treatment stimulates the patient’s immune system to encourage him to fight the cancer on his own.
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The post Glória Maria: learn about the symptoms of lung cancer first appeared on Metropolis.
